free will

Free will is the ability of agents to make choices unconstrained by certain factors. Factors of historical concern have included metaphysical constraints (such as logical, nomological, or theological determinism), physical constraints (such as chains or imprisonment), social constraints (such as threat of punishment or censure), and mental constraints (such as compulsions or phobias, neurological disorders, or genetic predispositions). The principle of free will has religious, legal, ethical, and scientific implications.[1] For example, in the religious realm, free will implies that individual will and choices can coexist with an omnipotent divinity. In the law, it affects considerations of punishment and rehabilitation. In ethics, it may hold implications for whether individuals can be held morally accountable for their actions. In science, neuroscientific findings regarding free will may suggest different ways of predicting human behavior. A simplified taxonomy of philosophical positions regarding free will and determinism.This important issue has been widely debated throughout history, including not only whether free will exists but even how to define the concept. Historically, the constraint of dominant concern has been determinism of some variety (such as logical, nomological, or theological), so the most prominent common positions are named for the relation they hold to exist between free will and determinism. Those who define free will as freedom from determinism are called incompatibilists, as they hold determinism to be incompatible with free will. The two main incompatibilist positions are metaphysical libertarianism, the claim that determinism is false and thus free will is at least possible; and hard determinism, the claim that determinism is true and thus free will is not possible. Hard incompatibilism posits that indeterminism is also incompatible with free will, and thus either way free will is not possible.Those who define free will otherwise, without reference to determinism, are called compatibilists, because they hold determinism to be compatible with free will. Some compatibilists hold even that determinism is necessary for free will, arguing that choice involves preference for one course of action over another, a process that requires some sense of how choices will turn out.[2][3] Compatibilists thus consider the debate between libertarians and hard determinists over free will vs determinism a false dilemma.[4] Different compatibilists offer very different definitions of what free will even means, taking different types of constraints to be relevant to the issue; but because all agree that determinism is not the relevant concern, they are traditionally grouped together under this common name.

sport

Sport (or sports) is all forms of usually competitive physical activity which,[1] through casual or organised participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical ability and skills while providing entertainment to participants, and in some cases, spectators.[2] Hundreds of sports exist, from those requiring only two participants, through to those with hundreds of simultaneous participants, either in teams or competing as individuals.Sport is generally recognised as activities which are based in physical athleticism or physical dexterity, with the largest major competitions such as the Olympic Games admitting only sports meeting this definition,[3] and other organisations such as the Council of Europe using definitions precluding activities without a physical element from classification as sports.[2] However, a number of competitive, but non-physical, activities claim recognition as mind sports. The International Olympic Committee (through ARISF) recognises both chess and bridge as bona fide sports, and SportAccord, the international sports federation association, recognises five non-physical sports,[4][5] although limits the amount of mind games which can be admitted as sports.[1]Sports are usually governed by a set of rules or customs, which serve to ensure fair competition, and allow consistent adjudication of the winner. Winning can be determined by physical events such as scoring goals or crossing a line first, or by the determination of judges who are scoring elements of the sporting performance, including objective or subjective measures such as technical performance or artistic impression.In organised sport, records of performance are often kept, and for popular sports, this information may be widely announced or reported in sport news. In addition, sport is a major source of entertainment for non-participants, with spectator sports drawing large crowds to venues, and reaching wider audiences through sports broadcasting.According to A.T. Kearney, a consultancy, the global sporting industry is worth up to $620 billion as of 2013.[6

free love

Free loveMain article: Free love Lovers kissing on the streetThe term free love has been used [33] to describe a social movement that rejects marriage, which is seen as a form of social bondage. The Free Love movement\'s initial goal was to separate the state from sexual matters such as marriage, birth control, and adultery. It claimed that such issues were the concern of the people involved, and no one else.[34]Much of the free-love tradition is an offshoot of anarchism, and reflects a civil libertarian philosophy that seeks freedom from state regulation and church interference in personal relationships. According to this concept, the free unions of adults are legitimate relations which should be respected by all third parties whether they are emotional or sexual relations. In addition, some free-love writing has argued that both men and women have the right to sexual pleasure. In the Victorian era, this was a radical notion. Later, a new theme developed, linking free love with radical social change, and depicting it as a harbinger of a new anti-authoritarian, anti-repressive sensibility.[35]Many people in the early 19th century believed that marriage was an important aspect of life to \"fulfill earthly human happiness.\" Middle-class Americans wanted the home to be a place of stability in an uncertain world. This mentality created a vision on strongly defined gender roles, which led to the advancement of the free love movement.[36]While the phrase free love is often associated with promiscuity in the popular imagination, especially in reference to the counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s, historically the free-love movement has not advocated multiple sexual partners or short-term sexual relationships. Rather, it has argued that love relations that are freely entered into should not be regulated by law.The term \"sex radical\" is also used interchangeably with the term \"free lover\", and was the preferred term by advocates because of the negative connotations of \"free love\".[citation needed] By whatever name, advocates had two strong beliefs: opposition to the idea of forceful sexual activity in a relationship and advocacy for a woman to use her body in any way that she pleases.[37] These are also beliefs of Feminism.Laws of particular concern to free love movements have included those that prevent an unmarried couple from living together, and those that regulate adultery and divorce, as well as age of consent, birth control, homosexuality, abortion, and sometimes prostitution; although not all free love advocates agree on these issues. The abrogation of individual rights in marriage is also a concern--for example, some jurisdictions do not recognize spousal... or treat it less seriously than non-spousal . Free-love movements since the 19th century have also defended the right to publicly discuss sexuality and have battled obscenity laws

inmpersonal love

A person can be said to love an object, principle, or goal to which they are deeply committed and greatly value. For example, compassionate outreach and volunteer workers' "love" of their cause may sometimes be born not of interpersonal love but impersonal love, altruism, and strong spiritual or political convinction People can also "love" material objects, animals, or activities if they invest themselves in bonding or otherwise identifying with those things. If sexual passion is also involved, then this feeling is called paraphilia.[16]Interpersonal love

Travel

Travel, in the youngest sort, is a part of education and, in the elder a part, of experience. Some may think otherwise; to them visiting churches, monasteries, castles and fortifications, libraries, etc. is a sheer wastage of time. They may further say that one can read the account of these or see the films of the important places of the world. They forget that touch of actuality gives a different type of sensation and satisfaction.Travelling may be an expensive hobby but is compensates the financial loss. If a traveler has interest in life and its manifestations, one can find much to keep oneself absorbed and happy. A student of any stream can definitely find something of his own interest and studies. One can definitely find everything that satisfies his intellectual and sensuous cravings.As a hobby, travelling keeps us busy during leisure time; it is the best method to utilize time. Till a person breaks from dull routine, physically and mentally; one cannot find satisfaction. Travelling helps us to achieve this break. At a new place, one is curious to know and eager to gather all the unknown information about the place which he has neither read nor heard before he gets thrills and surprises which keep the interest and enthusiasm alive and encourages us to keep our journey on.

ART Example Essay

In this essay I will compare and contrast two ancient sculptures in the round. The first is Nude Woman, or Venus of Willendorf, from the prehistoric period. The small limestone sculpture was found in modern day Austria and dates to circa 25,000 b.c.e. The second image is Khafre, a life-size Egyptian sculpture made of diorite stone from much later, circa 2,500 b.c.e. Both sculptures contain magical or supernatural symbolism, as well as concepts of life and death.The Venus is probably a votive figure, or offering to the gods. She is abundant, perhaps pregnant, probably to symbolize fertility and to bring good fortune in the fields and in human reproduction. Little is known about the sculpture, but life at this time must have been a struggle for survival and she represents the core of the cycle of life. Khafre is a "Ka" statue, meant to be buried with the mummified body of the king of which he is a portrait. It is to serve as a back-up to the mummy to offer a place for the Ka, or soul, to reside at night. The portrait also helps the Ka recognize its residence and body. Most Egyptian art focused on permanence and the afterlife such as this one. Whereas Venus is probably an offering to the gods and a symbol of life to an entire culture, Khafre is meant to retain the individual man's soul and help him travel to and from the afterlife.The Venus figure is a very small (about 4 inches high) standing naked figure, whereas Khafre is a life-size and clothed seated portrait. They are both stone and both human figures, but differ greatly in style. The Venus exhibits a combination of many stylistic elements. It is naturalistic and organic in areas of the body; exhibits full breasts, a round stomach, the pubic triangle, and chubby legs. She is a series of natural spheres. However it is abstract as well. The head is stylized with no face, so that it represents a "type," perhaps representing the ideal of womanhood. Therefore, she is also idealistic.Khafre is naturalistic and serves as a portrait, although it is depicted quite flawlessly, and thus is idealized. The Egyptian sculpture has a refined surface and contains precise detail in the face's features and in the reliefs on the throne on which Khafre sits. One feels the block of the stone from which it was carved and is very formal, stiff, and rigid. Khafre's blockiness and dark color add to its strong sense of permanence, common to Egyptian sculpture of royalty.

rugby the hotes sport

Rugby is a free-flowing game that features a combination of strength, speed and strategy to move a ball into an opponents territory. Rugby is a full-contact sport yet players wear little-or no protective gear. Rugby evolved from football (i.e. soccer) and is often called the 'game played in heaven'.The most unique aspect of rugby is the srcum, pictured below, which is used to restart play following minor infractions during the match.of rugby leagueIn 1871, English clubs met to form the Rugby Football Union (RFU). In 1892, after charges of professionalism were laid against some clubs for compensating players for missing work, the Northern Rugby Football Union, usually called the Northern Union (NU), was formed,[2] the existing rugby union authorities issuing sanctions against the clubs, players and officials involved in the new organisation. After the schism, the separate codes were named "rugby league" and "rugby union".[3]With the popularity of rugby over the years, many betting establishments have made it possible for viewers of the game to place wagers on games. The various types of wagers that can be placed on games vary, however the main types of bets that can be placed are as follows:Fixed-odds bettingFutures/Outright BetsProp Bets / SpecialsOver/Under BetsLike most team sports, both forms of rugby are vulnerable to match fixing, particularly bets involving easily manipulated outcomes, such as conceding penalties and first point scorer. A recent example being a deliberate infringement by Ryan Tandy in order for the first points scored to be a penalty goal in a 2010 NRL match. The attempt backfired when instead of taking a shot at goal, a try was scored.i was a rugby player and i recomand for everibody is the best sport and very hot and sexy

PULL-UP PROGRESSION

These three basic moves and their progressive variations are enough to keep anyone growing for many years. The trick is to make sure you continually challenge yourself to increase your reps so you can progress to harder exercise variations once you can handle them.Eventually you can build up to single-limb variants of these classic calisthenics. Does that still sound too easy? See if you can do a clean one-arm push-up, one-legged squat, or one-arm pull-up and get back to me.Regardless of what training modality you use, the way to grow stronger is to begin learning a movement pattern with a relatively low amount of resistance. Gradually add more as the body adapts. All types of strength training operate under this principle of progressive overload.In weight training, exercises can be learned with an empty bar to get a feel for proper technique before progressing to heavier poundage. This allows the lifter to learn the form without having to overcome much resistance. Due to the nature of bodyweight training, however, progress must be approached differently.Leverage Overload ///Since there is no way to do a one-arm push-up, pistol squat, or one-arm pull-up without a significant amount of resistance, you must build up to advanced moves. Do this by practicing variations in which the body is positioned in such a way as to create less resistance. As you grow stronger, you can gradually introduce harder variations. A key principle of this type of progressive calisthenics training is manipulating leverage to vary the intensity of the exercises.

Stair Running Workouts Tips for Aging Athletes

Getting older is a fact of life, but many athletes struggle with the transition from peak training, to graceful aging. If you've been a competitive athlete, slowing down can feel like giving up, but a few minor adjustments to both your fitness routine and your attitude can help you stay in top condition at any age.Some of the most obvious changes that an aging athlete will notice include decreased strength and endurance. It doesn't have to be extreme, though. Most research has pointed to the fact that the dramatic changes in strength and endurance in seniors have more to do with changes in lifestyle than an inability to maintain fitness. In the case of aging, the 'use it or lose it' adage seems very appropriate.This also doesn't mean that aging athletes should go out and work harder to maintain peak conditioning. In fact, older athletes seem to benefit from more rest and recovery after exercise. In this case, the biggest changes to make to an exercise routine include focusing on the quality rather than the quantity of workouts, and adding regular low level activities, such as walking.One factor that many athletes overlook is the role that attitude plays in sports performance. And it's true that if you are dealing with injuries, on a losing streak, or being criticized by your coach, it very well may be challenging to have a happy, positive outlook. There are, however, some strategies you can use to reduce your negativity and regain proper perspective.

Music

Victor Hugo once said "Music expresses that which cannot be said and on which it is impossible to be silent". Music is the essence of life. It is that amazing language in which we can express what we feel inside sincerely. In my opinion everyone needs music in his/her life, no matter how different the genre is. As far as I am concerned, it is the only road to happiness when you feel pressed and frustrated.In the first place, music helps you to unwind from the hasty pace of life. When you listen to music, you feel like you have drowned all of your concerns and sorrows, and you were born again. The sensational feeling that gets you when press the "play button" is just indescribable. For instance; when I come back home after a tiring day at work, I go directly towards my stereo player and play some 1960's old music, and that makes me feel refreshed and comfortable. Believe me or not, that feeling is priceless.Another tangible method of music is that it could be used as a method to convey messages to people. Nowadays people neither watch news on TV nor listen to it on the radio broadcast. Therefore, they wouldn't know what is happening on the other side of the world. People die every day because of hunger, wars or assaults. Music could play a significant role in telling people who's doing that and whose side we should be on. Take me as an example; when I started listening to musicians like; Immortal technique and Rage against the Machine, I realized who's responsible for some of the problems that happen in the United States Of America.

strenght

MY STRENGTHWe as individuals have to realize the importance of our strengths and weaknesses in order to make a difference in relating personal growth. Having different goals, priorities and special qualities about ourselves is what gives us individually. The purpose of this paper is to clearly define each of my strengths and weaknesses and figure out a way to identify my personal strengths and weaknesses. In order for me to improve myself and enhance my learning process of commerce field for my bright future, I should realize that which methods and techniques that will better help me to learn and improve myself at an optimal level. I also believe realizing my strengths and weaknesses will help me to become more self-conscious and a well-rounded individual.My personal strengths are my discipline, ability to learn new and more skills, leadership, hardworking and self-confidence. Having discipline is the ability to gain control by obedience is another one of my strong strengths. Discipline means having the tools to succeed in life and is something we all work on through out our lifetime. Discipline has given me the ability to have a sense of humor, a solid self-esteem, and ability to stay focused on goals and giving me the desire and a process to learn.

Al Pacino

Alfredo James "Al" Pacino (/pəˈtʃiːnoʊ/; born April 25, 1940) is an American film and stage actor and director. He is famous for playing mobsters, including Michael Corleone in The Godfather trilogy and Tony Montana in Scarface, though he has also appeared several times on the other side of the law--as a police officer, a detective and a lawyer. For his performance as Frank Slade in Scent of a Woman he won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1992. He had received seven previous Oscar nominations, including one in that same year.He made his feature film debut in the 1969 film Me, Natalie in a minor supporting role, before playing the leading role in the 1971 drama The Panic in Needle Park. Pacino made his major breakthrough when he was given the role of Michael Corleone in The Godfather in 1972, which earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Other Oscar nominations for Best Supporting Actor were for Dick Tracy and Glengarry Glen Ross. Oscar nominations for Best Actor include The Godfather Part II, Serpico, Dog Day Afternoon, ...And Justice for All and Scent of a Woman.In addition to a career in film, he has also enjoyed a successful career on stage, winning Tony Awards for Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie? and The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel. A longtime fan of Shakespeare, he made his directorial debut with Looking for Richard, a quasi-documentary on the play Richard III. Pacino has received numerous lifetime achievement awards, including one from the American Film Institute. He is a method actor, taught mainly by Lee Strasberg and Charles Laughton at the Actors Studio in New York.Although he has never married, Pacino has had several relationships with actresses

Rugby

Rugby football is a style of football that refers to two current sports, rugby league and rugby union. Although the two distinctively different forms of rugby - rugby union and rugby league - share the same basic rules of the game, that is, getting the ball over the line to score a try, the rules for each of the forms, are different.Rugby football developed from a version of football played at Rugby School and was one of several versions of football played at English public schools during the 19th century.[1]In 1871, English clubs met to form the Rugby Football Union (RFU). In 1892, after charges of professionalism were laid against some clubs for compensating players for missing work, the Northern Rugby Football Union, usually called the Northern Union (NU), was formed,[2] the existing rugby union authorities issuing sanctions against the clubs, players and officials involved in the new organisation. After the schism, the separate codes were named "rugby league" and "rugby union".[3]Rugby union is both a professional and amateur game, and is dominated by the first tier unions: Argentina, Australia, England, France, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Scotland, South Africa and Wales. Second and third tier unions include Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Fiji, Georgia, Japan, Mexico, Namibia, Peru, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Samoa, Spain, Tonga, the United States, Uruguay and Venezuela. Rugby Union is administered by the International Rugby Board (IRB), whose headquarters are located in Dublin, Ireland. It is the national sport in New Zealand, South Africa, Wales, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga and Madagascar, and is the most popular form of rugby globally,[4] with the seven-a-side version of the game, known as Rugby sevens, having been admitted into the programme of the Olympic Games from Rio de Janeiro in 2016 onwards.[5] There was a possibility sevens would be a demonstration sport at the 2012 London Olympics but many sports including sevens were dropped.[6]In Canada and the United States, rugby union evolved into gridiron football. During the late 1800s (and even the early 1900s), the two forms of the game were very similar (to the point where the United States was able to win the gold medal for rugby union at the 1924 Summer Olympics), numerous rule changes have differentiated the gridiron-based game from its rugby counterpart. Among unique features of the North American game are the separation of play into downs instead of releasing the ball immediately upon tackling, the requirement that the team with the ball set into a set formation for at least one second before resuming play after a tackle (and the allowance of up to 40 seconds to do so), the allowance for one forward pass from behind the site of the last tackle on each down, the evolution of hard plastic equipment (particularly the football helmet and shoulder pads), a smaller and pointier ball that is favorable to being passed but makes drop kicks impractical, a generally smaller and narrower field measured in customary units instead of metric (in some variants of the American game a field can be as short as 50 yards between end zon

Boock

Recently I`ve read a very interesting book that impressed me greatly. It was the novel by Vera Kryzhanovskaya \"Hellish charms\". Russian writer and spiritualist Vera Kryzhanovskaya was the first woman writer of science fiction in the world, and the first professional science fiction writer in Russia.She was born June 2, 1857 .Her Father was from an old noble family of the Tambov Province. In the 1880s and 90s she lived in Western Europe.Kryzhanovskaya was interested in ancient history and the occult, she even performed as a medium at sessions. Kryzhanovskaya`s Husband was a well known spiritualist S.V. Semenov.Following the spiritualists` tradition, Kryzhanovskaya stated that her novels had been dictated by the spirit of English poet John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester , who believed that a soul stayed on earth even after death . She wrote in French and then her works were translated into Russian.The main theme of her novels is the struggle of the divine and satanic forces, the dependence of man`s hidden forces and the forces of universe, the secrets of the primordial matter ... Reincarnation`s consciousness` and soul`s secrets , the writer has already disclosed in the historical novels (\"The Queen Hatasu\", for example). \"Hellish charms\" is one of the novels, where the ritual of bewitching is described. The headline reveals the main theme and idea of the novel. The story is about a girl who wanted to marry the man with good fortune and because of it she had to resort to black magic.It`s about love, sins and mistakes, about forgiveness. The book electrifies the reader, mystical experiences and psychology do not give an opportunity to relax.

boock

My Favourite BookIt\'s hard to imagine our lives without books. We learn a lot of interesting things when we read books. Books are our great friend, teachers and advisers. They teach us how to take the next step when we are in a difficult situation. They help to shape our life. It is impossible to become an educated person without books. Besides, books play an important role in upbringing our feelings, views and tastes; give us a lot of useful information. Frankly speaking I\'m not a bookworm but when I have spare time I read books with great pleasure. It seems to me that books are a source of emotional inspiration and romantic feelings, it\'s a miracle in some way, because an author provides a story and a reader can conjure the characters in his own way, to imagine how they look like, their voices, gestures and facial expressions, etc.I like to read books about adventures, great people and famous travellers, stories about animals and birds, fairy-tales and fables. When you read books you find yourselves in different lands. Together with the characters of the books you climb high mountains, go by ship in the stormy sea, and fly into space. In a ward, you have a lot of adventures.I have read a lot of interesting books, but my favourite book is \"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer\" by Mark Twain. This well-known book is popular all over the world. The main character of the book is Tom Sawyer, who lived in a small town on the Mississippi River. He had wild imagination. He liked to play games with his friends. They often dreamed of different adventures. Tom was sometimes naughty and never quite.

Turkey situation

The situation (in Turkey) is now calming down... On my return from this visit, the problems will be solved," the premier told a news conference in Rabat."The Republican People's Party and other dissidents have a hand in these events," he said, speaking alongside his Moroccan counterpart Abdelilah Benkirane.The demonstrations in Turkey started on Friday over an unpopular plan to redevelop a park in central Istanbul but boiled over into general anti-government protests that have since spread to scores of cities across the country, after a heavy-handed initial response by the police.At least one young protester has been killed since the unrest began, according to medics, and hundreds of people injured during clashes between police and protesters."In the beginning, the events were caused by the problem of trees. But then the protesters were pushed by people who failed to win the elections," Erdogan said in Rabat.Asked about the more conciliatory comments by his ally President Abdullah Gul, who acknowledged the demonstrators' right to protest and promised that their voice had been heard, Erdogan again struck an intransigent note."I don't know what the president said, but for me, democracy comes from the ballot box."Gul had earlier said that "democracy does not only mean elections," and called on "all my citizens to... state their objections and views in a peaceful way, as they have done."Erdogan's Maghreb tour comes on the fourth straight day of protests that have turned into the biggest outburst of anger his Islamist-rooted government since it took power more than a decade ago.

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